Integrative Approaches to Megaloblastic Anemia: Pharmacological and Herbal Perspectives

Abstract:

Megaloblastic anemia is a hematological disorder characterized by the presence of large, immature, and dysfunctional red blood cells (megaloblasts) in the bone marrow, primarily caused by deficiencies of vitamin B12 (cobalamin) and folate. The condition results in ineffective erythropoiesis, impaired DNA synthesis, and hematopoietic abnormalities, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, pallor, neurological deficits, and gastrointestinal disturbances. The etiology of megaloblastic anemia includes nutritional deficiencies, malabsorption syndromes, autoimmune disorders, drug-induced causes, and genetic mutations affecting vitamin metabolism. Diagnosis involves hematological assessments, biochemical markers such as serum vitamin B12 and folate levels, bone marrow examination, and advanced molecular tests. Treatment strategies focus on vitamin supplementation, dietary modifications, and addressing underlying causes. Additionally, medicinal plants with hematopoietic, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties, such as Moringa oleifera, Spirulina platensis, Medicago sativa, Urtica dioica, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Beta vulgaris, and Phyllanthus emblica, have shown potential in managing megaloblastic anemia by improving erythropoiesis, enhancing micronutrient bioavailability, and reducing oxidative stress. Integrating these natural therapies with conventional treatments could offer a complementary and sustainable approach to managing megaloblastic anemia effectively. Keywords: Megaloblastic Anemia, Drug, Abnormalities, Hematopoietic.

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