UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF VITAMINS AND DIET IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE

Abstract:

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common progressive neurological disorder. Its pathophysiological aspects include loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and striatum regions of the brain, as well as intracytoplasmic clumps of the protein α-synuclein in the Lewy body. It has been observed that environmental toxins such MPTP, rotenone, paraquat, and MPP+ cause oxidative stress, which is one of the causes of neurodegeneration, even though the precise mechanism of neurodegeneration is not entirely understood. There is currently no perfect treatment. However, the indispensable role of oxidative stress in mediating PD indicates that antioxidant therapy could be a possible therapeutic strategy against the disease. Vitamin deficiencies and PD have been closely linked. The proposed neuroprotective therapy approach could involve dietary supplementation of vitamins possessing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and free radical scavenging activities. The research that assessed the function of vitamins A, B, C, D, E, and K in Parkinson's disease are compiled in this review. It may offer a framework for creating treatment plans to combat the illness and will direct future research into the possible therapeutic role of vitamins in disease pathogenesis. The implications of the Mediterranean diet on the beginning and progression of PD will be examined in this review, with a particular emphasis on the dietetic regimen's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant qualities as well as its effects on the composition of the microbiota. A ketogenic diet refers to a high-fat, medium protein, and low-carbohydrate diet that leads to a metabolic shift to ketosis. This review summarizes the scientific literature supporting this effective treatment approach for neurodegenerative diseases, including effects on mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, neuronal apoptosis, neuroinflammation, and the microbiota–gut-brain axis. It also emphasizes the scientific data supporting the benefits of the ketogenic diet for the management of motor neuron disease and Parkinson's disease.

Keywords: Parkinson’s disease, substantia nigra, vitamins, Diet, Mediterranean diet, Ketogenic diet

View PDF